Class Diagram

Class diagrams are diagrams used to show some class and packages that exist in the system / software we're using .
Class diagram gives us a picture ( static diagram ) of the system / software and relas - relationships that exist therein .

Class Definition Diagram
Class is a collection of objects with and that have a common structure , common behavior , common relationships , and semantic / general word . Classes determined / discovered by examining objects in sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams . A class is described as a square with three parts of the room . Class should be named using a noun according to domain / section / group ( Jeffery L. Whitten et al , 2004) .

Class Diagram is a diagram that shows the existing classes of a system and its relationship with logic. Class diagrams describe the static structure of a system . Because the class diagram is the backbone or basic strength of almost any object -oriented method including UML ( Henderi , 2008) . While according to ( Jeffery L. Whitten et al 2004:432 ) class diagram is a graphic image of the static object structure of a system , showing object classes that make up a system and also the relationship between the object class .

The Elements of UML class diagrams in modeling consists of : classes , class structure , the nature of class ( class behavior) , association / union ( association ) , collection / unity ( aggregation ) , dependency (dependency ) , derivatives relations , diversity and navigation indicators , and role name ( role / task name )

- Class

Class is something that wraps and behavioral information . Traditionally , the system is built with the basic idea that will save the information on the data lines and pengolahnya behavioral data on the application side . One of the differences structured object-oriented approach is

in combining object-oriented and information -processing behavior and hide all the information into something called class . In UML , classes are expressed using the following notation .

   

The top of the Class notation is used as a class name , and optionally also used his stereotype . The middle section is used to store attributes , and the bottom is used to save the operation .

- Define the class

A good way to find classes were started from watching the flow of events ( flow of events ) of a use case . Note the noun in the flow of events , may be one of the following four points .

1 . Actor

2 . class

3 . Attributes of the class

4 . Expression , not the actor , not a class , and not attributes .

By selecting the object in the flow of events , classes can be found in the system . Other alternatives , can test objects in sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams .

There are two common ways of defining sequence of inter -related classes in the class diagram and sequence diagrams or collaboration diagram.Yang first , by creating a sequence diagram or a collaboration diagram first . Then proceeded to create the class diagram . In contrast , the second , is to find classes and create class diagrams first, then use a stretcher classes as " Dictionary " objects and their relationships to create a sequence diagram or a collaboration diagram .

- Stereotype in class

Stereotype is a mechanism used to categorize classes . For example , can be made stereotypical form first , and then determine the classes in step further . This feature helps to better understand the responsibilities of each class in the model . The classes with the stereotype of ' form ' responsibility to show and receive information from the user .

Stereotypes also assist in the process of code generation . When the code generation process , stereotype class that will determine the type of class diabawa kebahasa programming .

Some Stereotypes can be used since at this stage of the analysis process , at the time not yet determined teretentu programming language to generate code . Stereotypes can also depend on the programming language chosen and used at this stage of the design process .

When analysis , classes can be categorized according to the function they perform . There are 3 types of classes in the UML stereotypes are used in the analysis , namely : delimiter ( boundry ) , entity ( entity ) and control .

a. Limiting classes

Limiting classes are classes that are located between the system with the world around him . All forms , reports , interfaces ( interfaces ) such as soft keperangkat Printer or scanner , and interfaces ( interfaces ) to other systems are included in this category . UML presented

class barrier as follows .

To locate and identify the limiting classes can be done by testing the use case diagram . At a minimum there should be a barrier to class setiapa interaction between actors - use case . Class limit is what allows the actors interact with the system .

No need to make the grade boundary for each pair of actor - use case . For example , if two actors have equally initialize the same use case to communicate with the system .

b . Entity classes

Entity classes to handle the information stored in persistent storage . Entity classes are usually found in the incident flow ( flow of events ) on the interaction diagram . They are classes that are most meaningful to the wearer and are typically given a domain name using the technology business.

       Note the noun in the flow of events . Some nouns will be the entity classes in the system . Another way is to consider the structure of the data base . If the design of the database has been created , note the names of the table . The tables deal with some permanent information record , while the entity class , handle information in computer memory when the computer is turned on . In UML , the class notation entity described as follows .

Of database design , can trace back some of the fields in the database system needs . System needs to determine the flow of events ( flow of events ) , and the flow of events to determine the objects , classes , and attributes - attributes in the class . Each of these attributes in the entity class may be fields in the database .

c . Control classes

Control class is responsible for coordinating the activities of the other classes . This class is optional , but if the class of this control is used , then tropical one control class for such a use case . There are classes that control is shared by several use cases . In UML , the class notation entity described as follows .

 naming class

Each class must have a unique name . Most organizations have their own naming convention for naming classes are made ​​. Classes are generally named using singular noun .

Do not use the class name spaces . This is done for practical reasons , where some programming languages ​​do not allow any space . Another thing to note is that the class name should be short enough to explain what the class will do .

So it really depends on the class naming our organization . If we have a class that is used within the organization , but it is clear that it should be consistently used for whole classes were made ​​.

- Visibility class

Visibility option determines whether a class can be seen from the outside of the package . There are 3 options for the visibility of a class is:

1 . Public

2 . States that a class can be seen from the other classes in the system .

3 . Protected or private

4 . States that a class can be seen from multiple classes ( nested ) , friends , or of the class itself .

5 . Package or implementation .

6 . States that a class can be seen only by other classes in the same package .

multiplicity class

Multiplicity provide instant overview ebuah to be accommodated in the classroom . For example , in a class of employees , we may have some instant , one for Ani , one for Ina , one for Nana and so on . So Multiplicity for n set class employees . In the control class , Multiplicity is set 1 , because at the time the application runs only one class ..

Usecase Diagram

Use-case diagram is a UML diagram that models used to describe requirementfungsional expected from a system . Use-case diagram emphasizes on "who " did " what " within the software system to be built . Actual use-case diagram consists of two major parts , the first is the use case diagram ( use case dependencies including images ) and use case description .

Use-case diagram is a graphical depiction of some or all of the actors , use-case , and the interactions between these components are introducing a system to be built . Use-case diagrams to explain the benefits of a system when viewed in the eyes of people who are outside the system . This diagram shows the functionality of a system or class and how the system interacts with the outside world .

● Use case classes are used to model and express unit functions / services provided by the system (or parts of systems: subsystems or class) to the user.

● Use case can be covered with restrictions systems that are labeled name system.

● Use case is something that provides measurable results to the user or external system.

characteristics:

- Use cases are interaction or dialogue between the system and actors, including the exchange of messages and actions performed by the system.

- Use cases initiated by the actor and may involve the role of other actors. Use cases should provide a minimum value to the actor.

- Use cases can have an extension that defines specific actions in interactions or other use case may be inserted.

- Use case class has an object called a use case scenario. Scenarios expressed sequences and single action message.

Forming Component Use Case Diagram :

1 . Actor

Basically the actor is not a part of the use case diagram , but to be able to create a use case diagram needed some actor . The actors present someone or something ( such as devices , other systems ) that interact with the system . An actor may only provide information input to the system , only receive information from the system or both receiving and giving information on the system . Actors only interact with the use case , but does not have control over the use case . Actordigambarkan with a stick man . Actor can be described in general or specific , which we can use to distinguish relationship .

2 . Use Case

Use case is a description of the functionality of a system , so that the customer or system users know and understand about the usefulness of the system to be built .

Note : Use case diagram is a depiction of the system from the viewpoint of the system user ( user ) , thus making the use case is more focused on the functionality that exists on the system , not based on the flow or sequence of events .

How to determine a Use Case in the system :

a. Behavior patterns of software applications .

b . Job description of an actor .

c . Systems or " objects " which gives something of value to the actor .

d . What is done by the software ( * not how to do it ) .

 

 Sample images Interaction Between Actors and Systems (Use-case) on the blog:

 

This is an example usecase for the blog . Actors associated with the user profile usecase , usecase following other blogs , posting usecase . Usecase profile in which there are other elements such as edit profile , new profile , and delete profiles . On edit profile element , the user can change their self - change of data , such as account name , account password , account display picture . In the new profile element , the user can create a new profile you want to display on their blogs . On delete profile elements , users can delete the existing profile .

Usecase following other blogs in which there are other elements such as the following and unfollow . On the following elements , the user can follow the blog to see the latest posts from the blog . Users can participate in more than one blog . At unfollow element , the user can not follow a blog . Users can unfollow more than one blog .

Usecase posts in which there are other elements such as edit posts , new posts , and delete posts . In the post edit elements , the user can change the article that had their previous posts . At post new element , the user can post a new article on his blog . In the post delete elements , users can delete existing posts .

Admin on actors , there is a login usecase . At the login usecase there are elements of the password and username . If the username and password entered by the admin is correct, then the admin can relate to usecase profile , usecase following other blogs , posting usecase .

Korea

Korea (/kəˈriːə/ kə-ree-ə or /kɔrˈiːə/;^[4] Korean: 한국 Hanguk [hanɡuːk] or 조선 Joseon [tɕosʌn] – see etymology) is an East Asian territory that isdivided into two distinct sovereign states, North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea), and it is separated from Taiwan to the south by the East China Sea.

The adoption of the Chinese writing system ("Hanja" in Korean) in 2nd century BC and Buddhism in 4th century AD had profound effects on the Three Kingdoms of Korea, which was first united during the Silla Dynasty (57 BC – AD 935) under the king Munmu of Silla. The united Silla dynasty fell toGoryeo Dynasty in 935 at the end of Later Three Kingdoms of Korea era. Goryeo was a highly cultured state and created the Jikji in the 14th century. The invasions by the Mongolians in the 13th century, however, greatly weakened the nation, which was forced to become a tributary state. After theMongol Empire's collapse, severe political strife followed and Goryeo was replaced by the Joseon Dynasty in 1388.

The first 200 years of Joseon were marked by relative peace and saw the creation of the Korean alphabet Hangul by King Sejong the Great in the 14th century and the rise in influence of Confucianism in the country. During the later part of the dynasty, however, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the Western nickname the "Hermit kingdom". By the late 19th century, the country became the object of the colonial designs of Japan. In 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan and remained a colony until the end of World War II in August 1945.

In 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed on the surrender of Japanese forces in Korea in the aftermath of World War II, leaving Korea partitioned along the 38th parallel, with the north under Soviet occupation and the south under U.S. occupation. These circumstances soon became the basis for the division of Korea by the two superpowers, exacerbated by their inability to agree on the terms of Korean independence. The two Cold War rivals then established governments centered around their own respective ideologies, leading to Korea's division into two political entities: North Korea and South Korea.

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a single-party state, now centred around Kim Il-sung's Juche ideology, with acentrally-planned industrial economy. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a multi-party state with a capitalist market economy, alongside membership in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Group of Twenty. These two states have culturally changed since their partition.

Etymology

The name "Korea", also known as "Corea", derives from the Goryeo period of Korean history, which in turn referred to the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo, the first Korean dynasty visited by Persianmerchants who referred to Koryŏ (Goryeo; 고려) as Korea.^[5] Koryŏ (Goryeo) is also the name of Goguryeo, which changed its name to Koryŏ (Goryeo) in the 5th century (during the reign of KingJangsu of Goguryeo). Korea is now commonly used in English contexts by both North and South Korea. In the Korean language, Korea as a whole is referred to as Han-guk (한국) in South Korea, and Chosŏn (조선) in North Korea. The latter name, also Romanized as Joseon, originates from the Joseon Dynasty and the earlier Gojoseon. "The Land of the Morning Calm" is an English language title for the country loosely derived from the Hanja characters for Joseon.

History

Prehistory and Gojoseon

The Korean Academy of North America discovered ancient hominid fossils originating from about 100,000 BC in the lava at a stone city site in Korea. Fluorescent and high-magnetic analyses indicate the volcanic fossils may be from as early as 300 000 BC. The best preserved Korean pottery goes back to the paleolithic times around 10,000 BC, and the Neolithic period begins around 6000 BC.

Gojoseon's founding legend describes Dangun, a descendent of heaven, as establishing the kingdom in 2333 BC until the fall in 108 BC. The original capital may have been at the Manchuria-Korea border, but was later moved to what is today Pyongyang, North Korea. In 108 BC, the Chinese Han Dynasty defeatedWiman Joseon and installed the Four Commanderies of Han in the area of the northwestern Korean Peninsula and part of the Liaodong Peninsula, leaving many smaller kingdoms and confederacies in the southern and eastern parts of the peninsula. By 75 BC, three of those commanderies had fallen, but the Lelang Commandery remained as a center of cultural and economic exchange with successive Chinese dynasties until 313, when it fell to Goguryeo.

The actual name of this country was "Joseon". However, to distinguish it from the Joseon Dynasty established in the late 14th century, "Go" (meaning old) is affixed before "Joseon".

Proto–Three Kingdoms

The Proto–Three Kingdoms period, sometimes called the Several States Period, is the earlier part of what is commonly called the Three Kingdoms Period, following the fall of Gojoseon but before Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla fully developed into kingdoms.

This time period saw numerous states spring up from the former territories of Gojoseon. Buyeo arose in today's North Korea and southern Manchuria, from about the 2nd century BC to 494. Its remnants were absorbed by Goguryeo in 494, and both Goguryeo and Baekje, two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, considered themselves its successor. Okjeo and Dongye of northern Korea were eventually absorbed into the growing Goguryeo.

Located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, Samhan refers to the three confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan. Mahan was the largest and consisted of 54 states. Byeonhan and Jinhan both consisted of twelve states, bringing a total of 78 states within the Samhan. These three confederacies eventually developed into Baekje, Silla, and Gaya.

Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje) dominated the peninsula and parts of Manchuria at beginning of the 1st century AD. They competed with each other both economically and militarily.

Goguryeo united Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye and other states in the former Gojoseon territory. Goguryeo was the most dominant power; it reached its zenith in the 5th century, when reign of the Gwanggaeto the Great and his son, Jangsuexpanded territory into almost all of Manchuria and part of inner Mongolia, and took the Seoul region from Baekje. Gwanggaeto and Jangsu subdued Baekje and Silla during their times. After the 7th century, Goguryeo was constantly at war with the Sui and Tang dynasties of China.

Founded around modern day Seoul, the southwestern kingdom Baekje expanded far beyond Pyongyang during the peak of its powers in the 4th century. It had absorbed all of the Mahan states and subjugated most of the western Korean peninsula (including the modern provinces of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Jeolla, as well as part ofHwanghae and Gangwon) to a centralised government. Baekje acquired Chinese culture and technology through contacts with the Southern Dynasties during the expansion of its territory. Historic evidence suggests that Japanese culture, art, and language was strongly influenced by the kingdom of Baekje and Korea itself.

Although later records claim that Silla, in the southeast, was the oldest of the three kingdoms, it is now believed to have been the last kingdom to develop. By the 2nd century, Silla existed as a large state, occupying and influencing nearby city states. Silla began to gain power when it annexed the Gaya confederacy in AD 562. The Gaya confederacy was located between Baekje and Silla. The three kingdoms of Korea often warred with each other and Silla often faced pressure from Baekje and Goguryeo but at various times Silla also allied with Baekje and Goguryeo in order to gain dominance over the peninsula.

In 660, King Muyeol of Silla ordered his armies to attack Baekje. General Kim Yu-shin (Gim Yu-sin), aided by Tang forces, conquered Baekje. In 661, Silla and Tang moved on Goguryeo but were repelled. King Munmu, son of Muyeol and nephew of General Kim launched another campaign in 667 and Goguryeo fell in the following year.

North and South States period

In the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries, Silla's power gradually extended across the Korean Peninsula. Silla first annexed the adjacent Gaya confederacy. By the 660s, Silla formed an alliance with the Tang Dynasty of China to conquer Baekje and later Goguryeo. After repelling Chinese forces, Silla partially unified the peninsula, beginning a period often called Unified Silla.

In the north, former Goguryeo General Dae Joyeong led a group of Goguryeo refugees to the Jilin area in Manchuria and founded Balhae (698–926) as the successor to Goguryeo. At its height, Balhae's territory extended from northern Manchuria down to the northern provinces of modern-day Korea. Balhae was destroyed by the Khitans in 926.

Unified Silla fell apart in the late 9th century, giving way to the tumultuous Later Three Kingdoms period (892–935). Goryeo unified the Later Three Kingdoms and absorbed Balhae refugees.

Goryeo

The country Goryeo was founded in 918 and replaced Silla as the ruling dynasty of Korea. "Goryeo" is a short form of "Goguryeo" and the source of the English name "Korea". The dynasty lasted until 1392.

During this period laws were codified, and a civil service system was introduced. Buddhism flourished, and spread throughout the peninsula. The development of celadon industry flourished in 12th and 13th century. The publication of Tripitaka Koreana onto 80,000 wooden blocks and the invention of the world's first movable-metal-type printing press in 13th century attest to Goryeo's cultural achievements.

Their dynasty was threatened by Mongol invasions from the 1230s into the 1270s, but the dynastic line continued to survive until 1392 since they negotiated a treaty with the Mongols that kept its sovereign power.

In 1350s, King Gongmin was free at last to reform a Goryeo government. Gongmin had various problems that needed to be dealt with, which included the removal of pro-Mongol aristocrats and military officials, the question of land holding, and quelling the growing animosity between the Buddhists and Confucian scholars.

Joseon dynasty

In 1392, the general Yi Seong-gye established the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) with a largely bloodless coup. He named it the Joseon Dynasty in honor of the previous Joseon before (Gojoseon is the first Joseon. "Go", meaning "old", was added to distinguish between the two).

King Taejo moved the capital to Hanseong (formerly Hanyang; modern-day Seoul) and built the Gyeongbokgung palace. In 1394 he adoptedConfucianism as the country's official religion, resulting in much loss of power and wealth by the Buddhists. The prevailing philosophy was Neo-Confucianism.

Joseon experienced advances in science and culture. King Sejong the Great (1418–50) promulgated hangul, the Korean alphabet. The period saw various other cultural and technological advances as well as the dominance of neo-Confucianism over the entire peninsula. Slaves, nobi, are estimated to have accounted for about one third of the population of Joseon Korea.

Between 1592 and 1598, the Japanese invaded Korea. Toyotomi Hideyoshi tried to invade the Asian continent through Korea, but was completely defeated by a Righteous army, Admiral Yi Sun-sin and assistance from Ming China. This war also saw the rise of the career of Admiral Yi Sun-sin with the "turtle ship". Japanese warriors brought back to Japan as war trophies an estimated 100,000–200,000 noses cut from Korean victims. In the 1620s and 1630s Joseon suffered invasions by the Manchu.

After invasions from Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. King Yeongjo and King Jeongjo led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty.

However, during the last years of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the name the "Hermit Kingdom", primarily for protection against Western imperialism before it was forced to open trade beginning an era leading into Japanese colonial rule.

source : http://www.wikipedia.com